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How has molecular hydrogen been studied in fatty liver?

11 papers: 5 human studies, 2 reviews and 4 animal or cell studies from 2024 onward.

All returned Europe PMC MED and PMC title and abstract records were checked. Human studies have no lower publication year limit through 29 October 2026; animal and cell studies are limited to 2024 onward. Reviews are grouped separately from primary studies. This is an abstract screened inventory, not a systematic review guaranteeing all relevant literature. Each group is sorted by first publication date, newest first.

Checked 2026-10-29 · 27 records searched

Randomized human studies4

  1. 73 people with impaired fasting glucose were randomized to one liter daily of hydrogen rich water or plain water for eight weeks. Metabolism and gut microbiota were measured; fatty liver subgroups comprised 16 hydrogen water and 19 control participants.

    Antioxidants (Basel) · 2023 · PMID 37371975

    DOI 10.3390/antiox12061245Record and abstractFree full text

  2. 30 people with fatty liver were randomized under double blinding to hydrogen rich water or placebo for eight weeks; weight, liver enzymes, lipids and blood biomarkers were measured.

    Antioxidants (Basel) · 2022 · PMID 36290657

    DOI 10.3390/antiox11101935Record and abstractFree full text

  3. 43 people with fatty liver were randomized to hydrogen and oxygen inhalation or placebo for 13 weeks; blood tests, ultrasound and CT assessed liver fat. The paper also contains animal and cell work; only its human study is counted here.

    J Cell Mol Med · 2022 · PMID 35734974

    DOI 10.1111/jcmm.17456Record and abstractFree full text

  4. 12 overweight people with fatty liver entered a double blind crossover trial of one liter daily of hydrogen rich water or placebo for 28 days; MRI liver fat, body composition and laboratory measurements were compared.

    Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol · 2019 · PMID 30982748

    DOI 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.03.008Record and abstract

Nonrandomized controlled human studies1

  1. 30 people with fatty liver and 15 healthy volunteers were studied. Of the patients, 17 drank hydrogen rich water and 13 drank placebo tablet water, 330 mL three times daily for eight weeks; platelet mitochondria and coenzyme Q10 were measured. Random allocation is not described in the abstract.

    Int J Mol Sci · 2023 · PMID 37569850

    DOI 10.3390/ijms241512477Record and abstractFree full text

Reviews, systematic reviews and meta analyses2

  1. A review of preclinical and clinical molecular hydrogen literature on diabetes, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver, atherosclerosis and obesity; it examines delivery methods and cellular pathways. The abstract does not state an included study count.

    Pharmaceuticals (Basel) · 2023 · PMID 37111299

    DOI 10.3390/ph16040541Record and abstractFree full text

  2. A review of oxidative stress and research approaches in steatohepatitis, including hydrogen water studies. It did not recruit a new participant cohort; the abstract does not state an included study count.

    Int J Mol Sci · 2013 · PMID 24132155

    DOI 10.3390/ijms141020704Record and abstractFree full text

Animal and cell studies from 20244

  1. Mice with diet induced steatohepatitis received a choline deficient high fat diet containing 2.5% hydrogen generating silicon agent for 12 weeks; liver histology, bile acids and blood lipids were assessed. Animal count is not stated in the abstract.

    Biochem Biophys Rep · 2026 · PMID 41890216

    DOI 10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102552Record and abstractFree full text

  2. Mice on a methionine and choline deficient diet received intraperitoneal hydrogen gas from day eight for two weeks; liver tissue and cell death pathways were examined. HepG2 experiments used hydrogen rich medium. Sample sizes are not stated in the abstract.

    Front Pharmacol · 2025 · PMID 40860880

    DOI 10.3389/fphar.2025.1575106Record and abstractFree full text

  3. HepG2 cells exposed to free fatty acids received hydrogen rich water; lipid droplets, oxidative stress and AMPK signaling were measured. Replicate count is not stated in the abstract.

    Biomedicines · 2024 · PMID 39062020

    DOI 10.3390/biomedicines12071444Record and abstractFree full text

  4. Mice on a methionine and choline deficient diet received hydrogen rich coral calcium; liver tissue, bile acids and gut microbiota were analyzed. Animal count is not stated in the abstract.

    Antioxidants (Basel) · 2024 · PMID 38929185

    DOI 10.3390/antiox13060746Record and abstractFree full text

Excluded 16 of 27 records: 1 Endogenous hydrogen and deuterium hypothesis, not administered hydrogen in fatty liver; 13 Animal or cell research before 2024; 1 Broad microbiome review without a separately described hydrogen evidence set; 1 Hydrogen used as a blood flow tracer.

View the search query

TITLE_ABS:("molecular hydrogen" OR "hydrogen gas" OR "hydrogen inhalation" OR "inhaled hydrogen" OR "hydrogen oxygen" OR oxyhydrogen OR "hydrogen rich") AND TITLE_ABS:("fatty liver" OR NAFLD OR MASLD OR steatohepatitis) AND (SRC:MED OR SRC:PMC) AND FIRST_PDATE:[* TO 2026-10-29]

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Frequently asked questions

What did the human studies measure?

Measures included liver enzymes and lipids, liver fat on ultrasound, CT or MRI, and platelet mitochondria. A fatty liver subgroup from an impaired fasting glucose study is also included.

Are inhalation and drinking studies distinguished?

Each paper states hydrogen and oxygen inhalation or hydrogen water intake. Animal and cell work involving gas injection, hydrogen carrying agents and culture medium appears separately.

Which years and how many papers are included?

There are 5 human papers without a lower year limit and 4 animal or cell papers from 2024 onward. The 2 review papers are shown separately.