Hyperbaric oxygen, brain injury and cognition studies

One hundred one long COVID patients were randomized double blind to four combinations of 1 or 2.5 ATA and 21%, 40% or 100% oxygen. Cognitive tasks, walking and symptoms were assessed around ten sessions, with a three month telephone survey.

Diving Hyperb Med · 2025 · PMID 40544138

Forty nine adults with nonstroke brain injury were randomized double blind to HBOT or sham, with 47 analyzed. Forty sessions over 12 weeks were followed by an optional open series of 40 sessions, measuring neurological symptoms, cognition and function through one year.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMID 40011516

Adults with moderate traumatic brain injury were randomized to standard care or added HBOT at 1.4 atmospheres for 60 minutes daily over ten days. Discharge consciousness and three month function were compared; participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Asian J Neurosurg · 2025 · PMID 40041595

Fifty six adults living at altitude for two years were randomized in groups of 28 to 15 HBOT sessions or control, assessing a cognitive control task. A separate altitude comparison included 64 newcomers and 64 low altitude residents.

Front Physiol · 2024 · PMID 39282090

Thirty four adults six to 36 months after ischemic stroke were randomized to 40 HBOT sessions or sham or waitlist conditions. Stroke impact, cognition, balance, gait and mood scales were assessed.

Cureus · 2024 · PMID 39070389

Forty traumatic brain injury patients were randomized in groups of 20 to routine care with or without HBOT. Serum oxidative markers, nitric oxide and nerve growth factor were measured at admission and day 30.

J Inflamm Res · 2023 · PMID 37927956

People with mild traumatic brain injury were randomized to normobaric hyperoxia, HBOT or control, measuring cognitive scales, cerebral oxygenation and blood markers before, after and at 30 days. Participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2023 · PMID 37713814

One hundred ninety patients with diabetes and depression after stroke were randomized in groups of 95 to escitalopram with or without HBOT five times weekly for eight weeks, comparing depression and neurological scales, inflammation and fasting glucose.

World J Psychiatry · 2023 · PMID 37303936

Eighty patients with cognitive impairment after acute ischemic stroke were randomized to butylphthalide and oxiracetam with or without HBOT, assessing cognitive, neurological and intelligence scales, inflammatory markers and adverse reactions.

Pak J Med Sci · 2023 · PMID 37250560

Fibromyalgia patients with traumatic brain injury history were randomized to 60 HBOT sessions at 2 ATA for 90 minutes or pregabalin or duloxetine. Pain, daily living questionnaires and SPECT were assessed; participant n is not reported in the abstract.

PLoS One · 2023 · PMID 36897850

A double blind randomized trial enrolled 75 patients after acute carbon monoxide exposure and analyzed 72. After an initial HBOT session, two additional HBOT sessions or sham air sessions were compared using neuropsychological assessments at six weeks and six months.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2023 · PMID 37708067

An imaging analysis of a trial randomized 73 long COVID patients to HBOT in 37 or sham exposure in 36, comparing resting functional and diffusion tensor MRI with cognitive and psychological measures around 40 sessions.

Neuroimage Clin · 2022 · PMID 36208548

Twenty five children aged eight to 15 with persistent post concussion symptoms were randomized double blind to HBOT in 15 or sham in ten. Cognition, behavior, symptoms and brain MRI were assessed around 60 sessions.

Sci Rep · 2022 · PMID 36151105

One hundred twenty people with disorders of consciousness after brain injury were randomized in groups of 40 to control, median nerve stimulation after HBOT or simultaneous stimulation. Consciousness scales, EEG and auditory and sensory evoked potentials were assessed.

Brain Behav · 2022 · PMID 35920129

Seventy three long COVID patients with symptoms for at least three months were randomized double blind to HBOT in 37 or sham exposure in 36. Cognition, fatigue, sleep, pain and brain MRI were assessed around 40 sessions.

Sci Rep · 2022 · PMID 35821512

One hundred eighteen patients with depression after stroke were randomized to escitalopram with or without HBOT, assessing MRI denoising algorithms, neurological, depression and sleep scales, GFAP and norepinephrine.

Comput Intell Neurosci · 2022 · PMID 35401732

Forty patients with delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide exposure were randomized in groups of 20 to HBOT and individualized rehabilitation with or without transcranial direct current stimulation, assessing cognition, daily living scales and P300 evoked potentials.

Front Neurol · 2021 · PMID 34925204

One hundred patients in a vegetative state after brain injury were randomized and 98 analyzed. Both groups received rehabilitation and HBOT, with acupuncture added in one group; consciousness scales were assessed at ten, twenty and thirty days.

Zhongguo Zhen Jiu · 2021 · PMID 34762375

Seventy patients with depression were randomized in groups of 35 to escitalopram alone or with HBOT, assessing depression scales and MoCA cognition at baseline and two, four and six weeks.

Pak J Med Sci · 2021 · PMID 34290782

Sixty adults who had moved to Tibet and lived there for over a year were randomized to a single HBOT session or waiting, comparing alerting, orienting and conflict tasks in an attention network test before and after exposure.

Sheng Li Xue Bao · 2021 · PMID 33903890

Fifty six healthy young adults were randomized to 100% oxygen at two atmospheres or sham exposure, completing tests of processing speed, episodic memory, working memory, cognitive flexibility and attention inside the chamber.

Biomolecules · 2020 · PMID 32957482

Fifty eight people with delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning were randomized to transcranial direct current or sham stimulation in groups of 29. All also received HBOT, drugs and rehabilitation, with cognition, neurological scores and P300 at thirty days and daily living at ninety days.

Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi · 2020 · PMID 33036537

Sixty three healthy adults over 64 were randomized to HBOT in 33 or control in 30, assessing cognitive performance and cerebral blood flow with perfusion MRI over three months.

Aging (Albany NY) · 2020 · PMID 32589613

Twenty seven patients with upper limb hemiparesis three to 48 months after stroke were randomized to exercise and mental imagery rehabilitation with or without HBOT. Motor and self report measures, attendance and adverse events were assessed at eight and twelve weeks.

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab · 2020 · PMID 32574506

Sixty three civilians and military personnel with persistent symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury were randomized to HBOT or waiting without exposure before crossover. Fifty completed primary testing around 40 sessions at 150 kPa for 60 minutes, assessing symptoms, cognition, psychological measures and two month follow up.

Med Gas Res · 2020 · PMID 32189664

Twenty six patients with delayed neurological symptoms after carbon monoxide poisoning were randomized in groups of thirteen to routine care with HBOT or added acupuncture, assessing MRI perfusion, diffusion tensors and cognitive scales around six courses.

Zhongguo Zhen Jiu · 2019 · PMID 31286729

One hundred fifty eight vascular dementia patients were prospectively randomized to routine care with or without HBOT at two atmospheres for sixty minutes five days weekly over twelve weeks, measuring MMSE cognition and serum Humanin before and after exposure.

Cell Transplant · 2019 · PMID 31134827

One hundred fifty eight moderate or severe traumatic brain injury patients were randomized to four combinations of HBOT status and rehabilitation once or twice daily, assessing cognition, motor function and daily living scales at one, two and three months.

Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) · 2021 · PMID 34546088

A secondary analysis examined 143 service members and veterans in the randomized HOPPS and BIMA trials for persistent symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury, comparing composite symptom, cognitive and functional scores and post hoc measures under HBOT and sham exposure.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2019 · PMID 31394603

Of 71 participants in the randomized BIMA HBOT and sham trial for mild traumatic brain injury, 42 consented to extended follow up. Concussion, PTSD, quality of life, pain, mood and alcohol questionnaires were compared in forty at 24 months and fourteen at 36 months.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2019 · PMID 31394601

An eye tracking analysis of the BIMA trial randomized 71 patients with persistent symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury to forty HBOT or sham sessions. Seventy five normative participants were included for comparisons of eye movement, reading and memory tasks at thirteen weeks and six months.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2019 · PMID 31394600

A randomized HBOT and sham trial in service members and veterans with persistent mild traumatic brain injury symptoms compared 3 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy with normative controls. White matter NAA, creatine and choline ratios were analyzed at baseline, thirteen weeks and six months; participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2019 · PMID 31394599

Seventy one patients with persistent symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury were randomized to forty HBOT or sham sessions and compared with 75 healthy adults. Balance, gait, vestibular and psychological measures were assessed at baseline, thirteen weeks and six months.

J Vestib Res · 2019 · PMID 31282447

A randomized HBOT and sham trial in 71 service members with mild traumatic brain injury included 75 healthy reference participants, assessing sleep questionnaires, diaries, apnea and restless leg screening and actigraphy at baseline, thirteen weeks and six months.

Sleep Med · 2018 · PMID 30099354

Eighty patients with diffuse brain injury were randomized to four groups receiving routine care, nimodipine, HBOT or combined exposure, assessing consciousness, inflammation, middle cerebral artery flow and CT at eight, twenty four, forty eight and seventy two hours.

Exp Ther Med · 2018 · PMID 29805482

Seventy one service members with persistent symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury were randomized double blind to oxygen at 1.5 ATA in 36 or air at 1.2 ATA in 35. Symptoms, cognition, sleep, vestibular function, imaging and questionnaires were assessed around forty sessions and at thirteen weeks, six and twelve months.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2018 · PMID 29734566

Seventy nine patients with diabetes and acute intracerebral hemorrhage were randomized to sixty minutes of pure oxygen at 2.5 ATA or a 1.5 ATA comparator, assessing neurological, daily living, disability and functional scales and adverse events at one and six months.

Diabetes Res Clin Pract · 2018 · PMID 29408705

Forty hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy patients were randomized in groups of twenty to HBOT alone or with acupuncture, assessing cognition, daily living, blood viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation around four six day courses with daily exposure.

Zhen Ci Yan Jiu · 2017 · PMID 29318859

Eighty nine patients with delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning were randomized to conventional care in 19, HBOT in 32 or HBOT plus herbal granules in 38. Daily living and cognitive scales, white matter imaging and P300 were assessed.

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med · 2017 · PMID 29333178

A prospective double blind randomized crossover study involved 22 healthy volunteers performing cognitive, motor and simultaneous tasks in air at 1 ATA or 100% oxygen at 2 ATA, crossing to the other condition two weeks later.

Front Integr Neurosci · 2017 · PMID 29021747

One hundred eighty four people with delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning were randomized to HBOT in ninety or with N butylphthalide in 94, assessing MMSE cognition, NIHSS neurological scores, glucose, lipids, liver and kidney measures and adverse events at eight weeks.

Med Sci Monit · 2017 · PMID 28352069

One hundred twenty patients with delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning were randomized to HBOT alone or with dexamethasone at 5 or 10 mg, assessing cognitive and neurological scales, cerebrospinal fluid myelin protein and adverse events over four weeks.

Drug Des Devel Ther · 2017 · PMID 28260864

Seventy two service members with persistent symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury were randomized to routine care, forty sessions of air at 1.2 ATA or oxygen at 1.5 ATA. Simple and procedural reaction times were assessed at baseline, six and thirteen weeks, including 64 with thirteen week data.

Mil Med · 2016 · PMID 27168551

Fifty traumatic brain injury patients completed randomized exposure to thirty sessions of 100% oxygen at 2.4 ATA or air at 1.3 ATA. Computerized cognition, concussion and PTSD measures were assessed at baseline, completion and six weeks.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2015 · PMID 26403017

Ninety patients with depression after stroke were randomized in groups of thirty to fluoxetine, HBOT or both. All received routine rehabilitation, with depression and stroke scales assessed at baseline and four weeks.

J Phys Ther Sci · 2015 · PMID 26157204

Forty one patients with delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning were randomized to HBOT plus acupuncture in 21 or HBOT alone in twenty. MMSE cognition, Barthel daily living and EEG were compared around six five day courses.

Zhongguo Zhen Jiu · 2015 · PMID 26062182

A multicenter double blind randomized trial enrolled 72 service members with symptoms at least four months after mild traumatic brain injury. Routine care, forty HBOT sessions at 1.5 ATA and forty air exposures at 1.2 ATA were compared using symptom questionnaires, neuropsychological testing and adverse events.

JAMA Intern Med · 2015 · PMID 25401463

Sixty one male Marines with combat related mild traumatic brain injury and persistent symptoms were randomized double blind to different oxygen fractions at 2 ATA. Symptoms, cognition, function and psychomotor measures were assessed through three months after forty sixty minute sessions.

Ann Neurol · 2014 · PMID 24255008

A multicenter randomized study involved 73 people with cognitive impairment after earthquake related brain injury. HBOT and cognitive rehabilitation with acupuncture in 38 or without in 35 were compared using cognition, daily living and adverse events at two months and six month follow up.

Zhongguo Zhen Jiu · 2014 · PMID 24796041

A single center double blind randomized study involved sixty service members with combat related mild traumatic brain injury. Oxygen fractions of 10.5%, 75% or 100% were delivered at 2 ATA for forty one hour sessions, with fixation, saccades and pursuit measured before and after exposure.

J Rehabil Res Dev · 2014 · PMID 25436771

A single center double blind randomized trial involved sixty service members with persistent symptoms after combat related mild traumatic brain injury. Postconcussion and PTSD questionnaires were assessed around forty sixty minute sessions at 2 ATA with 10.5%, 75% or 100% oxygen.

J Head Trauma Rehabil · 2014 · PMID 24052094

A double blind randomized feasibility trial involved sixty male marines with symptoms three to 36 months after mild traumatic brain injury. Balance, fine motor and cognitive tests were assessed before and one week after forty sessions at 2 ATA with 10.5%, 75% or 100% oxygen.

Neurorehabil Neural Repair · 2014 · PMID 24370568

Fifty six patients with persistent symptoms one to five years after mild traumatic brain injury were randomized to immediate HBOT or a two month waiting period before crossover, assessing cognition, quality of life and SPECT around 40 sessions at 1.5 ATA for 60 minutes.

PLoS One · 2013 · PMID 24260334

Sixty two people with carbon monoxide encephalopathy were randomized to HBOT and drugs with acupuncture in 32 or without in thirty. Oxygen was delivered for ninety minutes daily over thirty days, assessing consciousness, eye movement, vision, motor, sensory and language NIHSS items.

Zhen Ci Yan Jiu · 2013 · PMID 24308190

Forty two severe traumatic brain injury patients were randomized to 60 minutes of HBOT at 1.5 ATA followed by three hours of normobaric oxygen or standard care. Exposures over three days were accompanied by intracranial pressure, metabolic and oxygen measurements and six month function.

J Neurosurg · 2013 · PMID 23510092

A prospective randomized crossover trial enrolled 74 patients six to 36 months after stroke with fifteen excluded, assessing SPECT, neurological function, daily living and quality of life around forty HBOT sessions at 2 ATA for ninety minutes and a waiting period.

PLoS One · 2013 · PMID 23335971

Fifty service members with combat related mild traumatic brain injury were randomized double blind to thirty sessions of oxygen at 2.4 ATA or air at 1.3 ATA, assessing concussion, cognition and PTSD scales before the eight week course and six weeks after completion.

J Neurotrauma · 2012 · PMID 23031217

Fifty service members with combat related mild traumatic brain injury were randomized to 100% oxygen at 2.4 ATA or air at 1.3 ATA; 48 completed thirty exposures. Ear and sinus pressure events, anxiety, headache and other adverse events were recorded.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2012 · PMID 23342764

One hundred twenty patients after intracranial aneurysm clipping were randomized equally to added HBOT or control. At least 20 daily sessions accompanied cerebral flow, CT and functional assessments through six months.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2011 · PMID 22292254

Sixty nine severe traumatic brain injury patients were randomized to 60 minutes of HBOT at 1.5 ATA, three hours of normobaric oxygen or standard care. Brain oxygen, pressure, microdialysis, cerebral flow and bronchoalveolar markers were measured over three days.

J Neurosurg · 2010 · PMID 19852540

A secondary analysis genotyped APOE in 86 of 152 participants from a carbon monoxide poisoning randomized trial. Forty four received HBOT and 42 normobaric oxygen, with cognition assessed at six weeks, six and twelve months.

Am J Respir Crit Care Med · 2007 · PMID 17702967

Thirty eight acute embolic stroke patients were randomized equally to HBOT plus intravenous edaravone or conventional care, assessing neurological scales at seven days and functional scales at 90 days.

Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) · 2006 · PMID 16936457

A prospective affective follow up of 127 carbon monoxide poisoning patients analyzed hyperbaric versus normobaric oxygen, cognition and anxiety and depression questionnaires at six weeks, six and twelve months. The report is indexed as a randomized trial.

Cogn Behav Neurol · 2005 · PMID 15970733

Thirty three acute ischemic stroke patients were randomized double blind to 60 minutes at 2.5 ATA HBOT or 1.14 ATA sham, recording neurological and daily living scales at 24 hours and 90 days and complications.

Stroke · 2003 · PMID 12574578

One hundred fifty two acute carbon monoxide poisoning patients were randomized double blind in equal groups to three HBOT sessions or one normobaric oxygen and two room air sessions within 24 hours. Neuropsychological testing continued through 12 months.

N Engl J Med · 2002 · PMID 12362006

Seven patients with cognitive impairment after brain irradiation were randomized to immediate or delayed HBOT, recording 30 sessions and neuropsychological assessments at baseline, three and six months.

Strahlenther Onkol · 2002 · PMID 12040756

Fifty five patients with severe brain injury were divided into HBOT in 35 and medication control in 20, assessing consciousness, brain electrical mapping and functional scales. Indexed as randomized, but allocation methods are absent from the abstract.

Chin J Traumatol · 2001 · PMID 11835741

Thirty four acute middle cerebral artery occlusion patients were randomized double blind equally to hyperbaric oxygen or air, recording ten 40 minute sessions at 1.5 ATA, six month and one year functional and neurological scales and discontinuations.

Stroke · 1995 · PMID 7631339

One hundred sixty eight patients with severe closed head injury were randomized with age and consciousness stratification. HBOT was delivered for one hour at 1.5 ATA every eight hours, with independent blinded functional assessment through 12 months.

J Neurosurg · 1992 · PMID 1588426

A double blind randomized pilot assigned 39 ischemic cerebral infarction patients to hyperbaric oxygen or air, recording four month neurological scales, infarct size, schedule adherence and discontinuation.

Stroke · 1991 · PMID 1926256

Eighty two older adults with cognitive impairment were randomized to hyperbaric oxygen, hyperbaric air, normobaric oxygen or normobaric air for two 90 minute sessions daily over 15 days. Memory, intellectual ability and psychiatric scales were followed through eight weeks.

Arch Gen Psychiatry · 1978 · PMID 619839

A multicenter retrospective comparison examined 56 brain injury patients with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity receiving HBOT and 36 earlier patients without HBOT, assessing consciousness and symptom scales, episode frequency and intensive care stay.

Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue · 2024 · PMID 39780673

Patients with cognitive impairment after stroke were compared by adjunct HBOT status using cognitive scales, inflammatory factors and RNA expression. PCR and reporter assays were conducted; participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Noro Psikiyatr Ars · 2025 · PMID 40046208

A cross sectional comparison of 93 patients aged 40 to 65, 12 to 16 months after first middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke, examined quality of life by aphasia, imaging severity and HBOT exposure.

Cureus · 2024 · PMID 39280459

Among 98 subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, 51 receiving HBOT and 47 receiving rehabilitation alone were compared with 25 healthy individuals. Seven day neurological and cognitive scales and six month attention network tasks were assessed.

World Neurosurg · 2024 · PMID 39038647

Records of 130 subarachnoid hemorrhage patients receiving HBOT compared added music in 70 with no music in 60, assessing middle cerebral artery flow and neurological, daily living and mood scales.

Noise Health · 2024 · PMID 39345062

Records from 83 severe traumatic brain injury patients compared routine care in 41 with HBOT in 42, assessing neural injury and neurotrophic markers, neurological scales and adverse reactions.

Int J Neurosci · 2025 · PMID 38646692

Seven years of heatstroke records were retrospectively compared by HBOT exposure, assessing neurological, organ function and daily living scales and blood markers at baseline and two and four weeks. Participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Heliyon · 2024 · PMID 38545173

Critical flicker fusion frequency was repeatedly measured in 21 adults under normobaric and hyperbaric conditions. Fifteen breathed oxygen during decompression, allowing comparisons of cognitive test conditions.

Int Marit Health · 2024 · PMID 39411987

Records from 113 patients with cerebral infarction and hemiplegia compared routine nursing in 53 with HBOT specialized nursing in 60, assessing motor, neurological, anxiety, depression and daily living scales.

Technol Health Care · 2024 · PMID 38393863

Records of delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning retrospectively compared medication alone with 60 adjunct HBOT sessions, assessing cognitive, dementia, daily living and neuropsychiatric scales, MRI and EEG. Participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban · 2023 · PMID 38432857

Records from 108 older adults with cerebral small vessel disease retrospectively compared folic acid in 50 with adjunct HBOT in 58, assessing cognition, daily living scales, homocysteine, adverse reactions and clinical factors.

Am J Transl Res · 2023 · PMID 37056817

An insurance cohort of 5,312 people with chronic osteomyelitis compared 265 receiving HBOT with 994 without HBOT after propensity matching, analyzing stroke hospitalization, myocardial infarction, mortality and HBOT initiation timing.

J Infect Public Health · 2023 · PMID 36940497

Among 195 patients within 24 hours of cerebral infarction onset, 100 receiving HBOT with medication were compared with 95 receiving medication alone. Symptoms, consciousness, motor and daily living scales and hospital days were assessed.

Int Marit Health · 2023 · PMID 38111247

Blood and urinary beta 2 microglobulin were compared in 54 brain injury patients and 11 healthy controls. Patients received two ten day courses of HBOT at 2 ATA for 60 minutes, with consciousness and cognitive scales assessed.

BMC Neurol · 2022 · PMID 36050644

All 277 patients with severe acute carbon monoxide poisoning received HBOT, with comparisons among fever in 78, normal temperature in 113 and adjunct mild hypothermia in 86. Neurological and severity scales, cerebral oxygen utilization, EEG index, NSE and six month delayed encephalopathy were assessed.

Am J Emerg Med · 2022 · PMID 36029667

HBOT and control groups of traumatic brain injury patients were compared using consciousness, cognition, CT, quantitative EEG and serum neural markers. Function and disability were assessed six months after discharge; participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Front Neurol · 2022 · PMID 36034283

Records from eighty patients with intracranial venous thrombosis retrospectively compared low molecular weight heparin with HBOT in 48 and control in 32, assessing neurological scales, coagulation, inflammation, quality of life and adverse reactions at one, two and three weeks.

Am J Transl Res · 2022 · PMID 35422938

Records from 238 patients with subacute poststroke aphasia retrospectively compared electroacupuncture and direct current stimulation conditions added to HBOT and speech rehabilitation in all groups. A language battery was assessed around 21 days.

J Integr Med · 2022 · PMID 35318944

Forty severe traumatic brain injury patients receiving HBOT with medication were compared with 38 receiving medication alone. Flash visual evoked potential P2 detection and latency were measured before and after exposure.

NeuroRehabilitation · 2022 · PMID 34776420

Ten acute traumatic brain injury patients included four starting HBOT at two weeks, four at ten weeks and two without HBOT. Thirty blood samples were analyzed for oxidative and adhesion molecules around a six week, 30 session course.

J Pers Med · 2021 · PMID 34683126

One hundred twenty older adults with vascular dementia were compared in groups of 60 receiving huperzine A alone or with HBOT, assessing cognitive and dementia scales and serum HIF1α, VEGF and Livin at two and four weeks.

Am J Transl Res · 2021 · PMID 34306441

A Taiwanese national insurance cohort compared hyperbaric and normobaric oxygen after carbon monoxide poisoning, analyzing neurological, cognitive and psychological sequelae within one year of discharge alongside age, severity and comorbidities. Participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2021 · PMID 33466193

Forty two Alzheimer disease and eleven amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients received twenty days of HBOT, compared with thirty unexposed Alzheimer patients. Cognition and daily living were assessed at one, three and six months, with FDG PET in ten participants.

Alzheimers Dement (N Y) · 2020 · PMID 32548235

One hundred seventy one patients with delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning were compared under HBOT alone or with butylphthalide and dexamethasone. Cognition, daily living scales, blood, liver and kidney measures and adverse reactions were assessed at one month, three months and one year.

Drug Des Devel Ther · 2020 · PMID 32308366

Eight autistic children receiving HBOT were compared with seven unexposed children. Behavior scales were assessed at baseline, after forty sessions and one month later, with an autism rating scale also assessed in the HBOT group.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2018 · PMID 31158930

Twenty five acute noncardioembolic stroke patients receiving HBOT were prospectively compared with 25 age and sex matched disease controls, assessing circulating endothelial progenitors, oxidative markers and neurological and daily living scales before and after exposure.

J Transl Med · 2018 · PMID 30208940

One hundred twelve acute ischemic stroke patients were compared under HBOT with mexidol in 48 and HBOT alone in 64, assessing acute phase blood markers in relation to neurological deficits.

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova · 2018 · PMID 29798984

Thirty service members with persistent symptoms after blast related mild or moderate traumatic brain injury were enrolled, with neurological, cognitive, psychological and SPECT assessments in 29 around HBOT. Imaging included 29 matched controls, with adverse events and six month follow up recorded.

Med Gas Res · 2017 · PMID 29152209

A retrospective comparison of 61 people with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus assessed hydrocephalus scales, cognition and complications at one, three and six months after ventriculoperitoneal shunting alone or with postoperative HBOT.

World Neurosurg · 2017 · PMID 28502690

Fifty two patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and type 2 diabetes were recruited to compare HBOT and control conditions, assessing insulin clamps, glucose, glycated hemoglobin and neurological scales at baseline, ten and thirty days.

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat · 2017 · PMID 28228657

Forty subacute traumatic brain injury patients underwent cerebral oxygen saturation and partial pressure assessment around ninety minutes of HBOT with 100% oxygen, compared with twenty unexposed healthy controls.

Neural Regen Res · 2016 · PMID 27857747

Records of 81 children with carbon monoxide poisoning retrospectively compared hyperbaric and normobaric oxygen groups, analyzing exposure characteristics, consciousness and delayed or persistent neurological symptoms with multivariable methods.

Pediatr Neonatol · 2017 · PMID 27502424

A population based cohort compared 9,012 adults with carbon monoxide intoxication and 36,048 matched by age, sex and year, following Parkinson disease diagnoses by HBOT exposure and comorbidity.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2015 · PMID 25984676

A prospective observational comparison involved forty people with acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Twenty received normobaric and twenty hyperbaric oxygen according to clinical status, with serum NSE, S100β and carboxyhemoglobin assessed on admission and at six hours.

Indian J Biochem Biophys · 2015 · PMID 26040109

A comparison of HBOT and placebo exposure involved twenty healthy young adults, measuring resting fMRI regional homogeneity, connectivity, spatial working memory and memory quotient. Random allocation is not stated in the abstract.

Clin Neurophysiol · 2015 · PMID 25703942

Eleven acute and 14 delayed carbon monoxide poisoning patients underwent psychomotor, visuospatial, language, memory and executive assessments at one and six months after HBOT, without a nonexposed control group.

Appl Neuropsychol Adult · 2014 · PMID 25265309

A prospective study compared sixteen acute ischemic stroke patients receiving ten adjunct HBOT sessions with thirty receiving routine care, none receiving thrombolysis. HBOT began three to five days after onset, with neurological scales assessed around two weeks and one month.

ScientificWorldJournal · 2012 · PMID 22919348

Among 56 children with severe traumatic brain injury, 28 receiving HBOT were compared with controls of similar severity. Three sessions at weekly intervals followed initial stabilization, with hospital stay, consciousness, disability and social behavior assessed.

J Pediatr Neurosci · 2012 · PMID 22837768

A retrospective comparison examined twenty traumatic brain injury patients receiving at least thirty HBOT sessions and twenty age and severity matched routine care patients, assessing disability, consciousness and cognitive scales.

Br J Neurosurg · 2012 · PMID 22085249

Ten long term brain tumor survivors with cognitive impairment after surgery and radiation underwent assessment before, six weeks and four months after HBOT, compared with unexposed healthy controls. EEG evoked potentials, memory questionnaires, connection and reaction time tasks were assessed.

Cancer · 2011 · PMID 21287528

Thirty people with carbon monoxide poisoning had serum S100β, NSE and consciousness measured on admission and at three and six hours, comparing HBOT exposure groups. Group sizes are not stated in the abstract.

Am J Emerg Med · 2010 · PMID 20006203

Seventeen carbon monoxide poisoning patients four to six months after HBOT were compared with 34 age matched controls using diffusion tensor MRI white matter measures and memory and executive testing.

J Neurotrauma · 2009 · PMID 19317622

Among 41 patients with coma after brain injury, pre and post SPECT perfusion and clinical measures were compared in 14 receiving median nerve stimulation and 27 receiving added HBOT. Decision makers selected the intervention.

Neuromodulation · 2008 · PMID 22151144

Forty four traumatic brain injury patients were enrolled prospectively, comparing 22 receiving HBOT after stabilization with 22 condition matched controls. The abstract describes random selection with unclear allocation methods; consciousness and functional scales were assessed at three to six months.

Acta Neurochir Suppl · 2008 · PMID 18642650

An open pilot study involved eighteen autistic children aged three to sixteen, assessing CRP, oxidized glutathione, parent observed speech and cognition and adverse events around forty forty five minute sessions at 1.5 atmospheres with 100% oxygen or 1.3 atmospheres with 24% oxygen.

BMC Pediatr · 2007 · PMID 18005455

An analysis combined randomized trial participants and an unenrolled observational cohort after carbon monoxide poisoning. Six week cognition, age and exposure duration were analyzed in 163 without HBOT and 75 with HBOT.

Am J Respir Crit Care Med · 2007 · PMID 17496229

A retrospective analysis of 78 patients with 101 brain metastases after stereotactic radiosurgery compared imaging of white matter injury and necrosis in 32 patients with 47 lesions receiving HBOT and 46 with 54 lesions without HBOT.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys · 2007 · PMID 17189073

Separate studies compared HBOT in 21 children with chronic brain injury against 42 unexposed injured or healthy children, and HBOT in 21 adults against 42 unexposed adults. Neuropsychological, daily living, social, communication and motor measures were assessed before and after exposure.

Disabil Rehabil · 2006 · PMID 17071569

Twenty six patients with cerebrovascular disease, leukoaraiosis and lacunar infarcts were compared with participant blinding: 18 received HBOT and eight hyperbaric air for 45 minutes over ten days. Motor and cognitive follow up lasted six months; controls later received HBOT.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2005 · PMID 16457083

Of 111 children with cerebral palsy, 75 suitable for neuropsychological testing were analyzed in a double blind comparison of 40 sessions over two months at 1.75 ATA oxygen or 1.3 ATA air, assessing attention, memory, processing speed and behavior.

Dev Med Child Neurol · 2002 · PMID 12162381

An archival comparison involved 25 older and 25 younger people with chronic neurological disorders receiving HBOT, analyzing cerebral, cerebellar and pontine SPECT flow before, during and after exposure in relation to age.

Int J Neurosci · 2002 · PMID 12325401

Fifty five severe brain injury patients were compared in HBOT in 35 and control in 20, assessing consciousness, electrical brain mapping, endothelin and transcranial Doppler before and after. Randomization is not stated in the abstract.

Chin Med J (Engl) · 2001 · PMID 11780460

Four patients with leukoaraiosis and vascular frontal symptoms underwent gait, cognition and daily living assessment around ten 45 minute HBOT sessions at 2.5 ATA. In a later participant blinded comparison three received air and one repeated HBOT.

Rev Neurol · 1999 · PMID 10363288

Acute stroke patients were compared in clinically matched HBOT and nonexposed groups for cerebral circulatory events during the acute period. Total n is not stated in the abstract.

Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova · 1984 · PMID 6495936

A 61 year old man with cerebral fat embolism after multiple fractures received anticoagulation, HBOT and fracture fixation. Consciousness, fever, brain MRI and rehabilitation course were recorded.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2026 · PMID 41559996

A person with delayed parkinsonism and cognitive deficits after carbon monoxide poisoning received medication, HBOT and neuropsychological rehabilitation, with longitudinal attention, memory and executive function assessments.

Neurocase · 2026 · PMID 41460512

Twenty two people receiving HBOT for procedure related cerebral air embolism were followed prospectively, recording initiation timing, severity, function at discharge and six months and quality of life.

Diving Hyperb Med · 2025 · PMID 41364856

A retrospective series examined HBOT in three people with subacute or chronic diquat associated toxic brain injury, assessing neurological and daily living scores and brain imaging.

Clin Toxicol (Phila) · 2025 · PMID 41217203

A 77 year old man with cerebral air embolism during partial nephrectomy received HBOT and intensive care. Seizures, imaging, cerebral infarction and clinical course were recorded.

IJU Case Rep · 2026 · PMID 41498053

A case series described emergency management and HBOT after shipboard carbon monoxide exposure in 11 people, observing physical and cognitive status at two and four weeks.

Mil Med · 2025 · PMID 40178904

A man 15 months after hemorrhagic stroke received 83 HBOT sessions at 2 ATA for 90 minutes over 16 weeks. Cognition, movement, diffusion tensor MRI and SPECT were assessed before and after exposure.

J Med Case Rep · 2025 · PMID 41068989

A retrospective analysis examined cognitive tests before and after HBOT in 26 adults injured before age 17. Participants completed at least 40 sessions of 90 minutes at 2 ATA with oxygen breathing.

Front Neurol · 2025 · PMID 40969214

A 60 year old woman described as having chronic inflammatory response syndrome received 40 low pressure HBOT sessions over ten weeks. Cognitive and fatigue symptom scores, visual contrast sensitivity and blood markers were recorded.

Front Immunol · 2025 · PMID 40837587

A 62 year old woman with fibromyalgia received 60 HBOT sessions at 2 ATA for 90 minutes over 12 weeks. Cognitive, pain and mobility tests and MRI and SPECT were compared before and after exposure.

J Med Case Rep · 2025 · PMID 40765001

A prospective registry of HBOT in long COVID collected quality of life, cognitive symptom and work ability questionnaires before, after and three months following exposure. Enrollment n is not stated in the abstract.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMID 40759992

A 56 year old woman with cerebral carbon dioxide embolism after laparoscopic adrenal surgery received HBOT, hypothermia, hormones and anticoagulation. Consciousness, seizures, neurological signs and MRI were recorded.

J Med Case Rep · 2025 · PMID 40598541

A retrospective analysis of 255 children with disorders of consciousness receiving HBOT examined etiology, initiation timing, session frequency, consciousness scales and functional scores.

J Multidiscip Healthc · 2025 · PMID 40621186

Two people aged 73 and 57 with ataxia after stroke or brain injury received HBOT at 2 ATA five days weekly alongside physiotherapy. Gait, balance, function and perfusion MRI were recorded.

SAGE Open Med Case Rep · 2025 · PMID 40401217

A case report described HBOT more than 18 hours after gas embolic stroke during mitral transcatheter repair, recording device inspection, embolism sources and neurological course in one patient.

Catheter Cardiovasc Interv · 2025 · PMID 40364585

An 82 year old woman with stroke like symptoms from carbon monoxide poisoning received HBOT after normobaric oxygen. Blood carboxyhemoglobin, lactate and neurological status were observed.

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J · 2025 · PMID 40657455

Data from 176 people aged at least 15 receiving HBOT for acute carbon monoxide poisoning were used to study a prediction model using age, burns, CRP and consciousness scores. HBOT included at least one 60 minute session at 2.8 ATA.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMID 40281005

A secondary analysis of a pediatric HBOT case series involving traumatic brain injury and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy examined consciousness and functional scale reliability, correlations, sex and etiology comparisons. Sample n is not stated in the abstract.

Cureus · 2025 · PMID 40161135

One hundred fifty eight neurosyphilis stroke patients received four weeks of HBOT with transcranial ultrasound neuromuscular stimulation. Motor, cognitive and daily living scales and cerebrospinal CXCL13, inflammatory markers and white cells were assessed before and after exposure.

Front Neurol · 2025 · PMID 40070668

A man with repeated concussions was followed during multiple HBOT courses, EEG guided neurofeedback and other interventions, using symptom questionnaires and quantitative EEG.

Cureus · 2025 · PMID 39925583

A 78 year old man with cerebral gas embolism during atrial fibrillation cryoablation received HBOT, position changes and manual vibration. US NAVY Table 6 and 5 exposures and serial CT were recorded.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2025 · PMID 40819357

Eleven adolescents with acute concussion within ten days received HBOT from 1.5 to 2.0 ATA. Artificial intelligence based EEG scores, symptoms and adverse events were recorded around sessions and at follow up.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2025 · PMID 40819349

A retrospective series reviewed HBOT records from 21 children, including 12 with traumatic brain injury, eight with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and one with ischemic stroke. Consciousness and functional scales were compared around an average of ten sessions.

Int J Med Sci · 2025 · PMID 39898239

EEG was recorded in 32 patients with chronic disorders of consciousness after traumatic brain injury before HBOT and at 20 minutes, analyzing microstate duration, occurrence and coverage alongside consciousness scales.

CNS Neurosci Ther · 2025 · PMID 39834088

A retrospective study followed 113 children with carbon monoxide poisoning for an average of 3.6 years, analyzing cognitive scores in relation to HBOT session count, consciousness duration, brain imaging, blood measures and seizures.

Sci Rep · 2024 · PMID 39623004

A follow up report applied principal component analysis to quantitative EEG before and after combined HBOT and neurofeedback in one woman with severe traumatic brain injury. It reused the earlier case data rather than adding participants.

Cureus · 2024 · PMID 39717339

A patient with toxic encephalopathy and cognitive decline after 1,2 dichloroethane exposure received steroids, dehydrating agents, neurological medications and HBOT. Corticomedullary junction MRI signals and symptoms were recorded.

BMC Neurol · 2024 · PMID 39548394

A retrospective study followed 133 people receiving HBOT after moderate or severe traumatic brain injury, assessing disability and functional scales five to eight years later and their associations with age, intensive care stay and session count.

Med Gas Res · 2025 · PMID 39324933

A 70 year old woman with delayed leukoencephalopathy after poppy overdose and cardiac arrest received steroids, HBOT and symptom based care. Cognition, praxis, involuntary movements, MRI and cerebrospinal 14 3 3 protein were recorded.

Heliyon · 2024 · PMID 39296161

A 33 year old woman with severe traumatic brain injury received a long term combined intervention including over 300 HBOT and 195 neurofeedback sessions. Quantitative EEG, disability and functional scales were compared.

Cureus · 2024 · PMID 39161492

A retrospective analysis examined 484 patients with disorders of consciousness receiving HBOT, comparing consciousness scales with initiation timing, session count and age across traumatic brain injury, stroke and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Brain Behav · 2024 · PMID 38945804

A 49 year old man with cerebral gas embolism and encephalopathy after concentrated hydrogen peroxide ingestion received HBOT. Brain imaging, consciousness, strength, pulmonary artery thrombosis and hospital course were recorded.

Cureus · 2024 · PMID 39077285

A 76 year old patient with cerebral gas embolism following interstitial lung disease and spontaneous pneumomediastinum received HBOT. Confusion, seizures, motor signs, brain and chest imaging and clinical course were recorded.

Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba · 2024 · PMID 38941227

A 37 year old man with schizophrenia and delayed neurological symptoms after carbon monoxide exposure received HBOT, with EEG, MRI, cognition, movement and psychiatric symptoms followed for up to 33 months.

PCN Rep · 2024 · PMID 38910909

A retrospective series reviewed 11 patients with cerebral air embolism, four of whom received HBOT, describing causes, stroke symptoms, consciousness, disability and neurological course.

Front Neurol · 2024 · PMID 38962484

Sixty three long COVID patients aged 22 to 74 received ten or 15 HBOT sessions at 2.4 ATA. Cognitive, psychological and fatigue symptoms and three month course were observed.

Georgian Med News · 2024 · PMID 39089276

A 55 year old man with chronic pain after thalamic lacunar infarction received HBOT, with pain and quality of life assessed using questionnaires. Session count is not stated in the abstract.

Front Neurol · 2024 · PMID 38545283

A retrospective study examined 111 patients with impaired consciousness and difficult ventilator liberation after tracheostomy who received HBOT with an in chamber ventilator, assessing consciousness, blood gases, cardiac measures and liberation status around 2 ATA exposure.

Biomed Eng Online · 2024 · PMID 38454458

A 26 year old woman with delayed neurological symptoms after carbon monoxide poisoning received 20 HBOT sessions at 2 ATA for 115 minutes alongside intravenous steroids. Brain MRI, neurological symptoms and work participation were recorded.

Diving Hyperb Med · 2024 · PMID 38507912

Thirty one long COVID patients with cognitive symptoms who received 40 HBOT sessions in a prior randomized trial were followed beyond one year. This single group follow up surveyed quality of life, sleep, psychological symptoms and pain.

Sci Rep · 2024 · PMID 38360929

A patient with cerebral infarction and coma after acute carbon monoxide exposure received medication and HBOT. ECG T waves, brain MRI, consciousness and neurological signs were recorded.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2024 · PMID 39348516

A 61 year old man with upper limb motor impairment two years after stroke received 60 HBOT sessions. Task and resting functional MRI, motor scales and grip strength were measured before and after exposure.

Front Neurol · 2023 · PMID 37840920

A case report described repeat HBOT and ten year follow up in a 59 year old man with delayed cognitive impairment after carbon monoxide poisoning, recording SPECT cerebral flow, MRI volume, cognition and work status.

PCN Rep · 2023 · PMID 38867825

A 57 year old man with suspected cerebral air embolism after an air powder dental procedure received HBOT beginning on day four. CT, MRI, consciousness, cognition and hemiplegia were recorded.

Brain Neurorehabil · 2023 · PMID 38047095

Twenty two veterans with PTSD from an HBOT study were followed beyond one year, assessing CAPS 5 including its cognition and mood subcategory, self report questionnaires, social activities and medication use.

Mil Med · 2023 · PMID 36433746

A woman with hemiplegia following acute carbon monoxide exposure received five HBOT sessions at 243.2 kPa for 120 minutes. Consciousness scores, hemiplegia, pupils and neurological course over nine months were recorded.

Diving Hyperb Med · 2023 · PMID 37365135

Records of 17 traumatic brain injury patients receiving HBOT were reviewed, with 12 completing 120 sessions assessed three months later. Courses used 40 session blocks at 1.5 ATA, with cognitive tasks, symptoms and SPECT recorded.

World Neurosurg · 2023 · PMID 37244521

A 44 year old man with bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle infarction and sudden hearing loss received antiplatelets, lipid medication, steroids and HBOT. MRI, auditory evoked potentials, otoacoustic emissions and three month audiometry were recorded.

Front Med (Lausanne) · 2023 · PMID 37215732

Real time EEG microstates were compared before and 20 minutes into HBOT in 41 patients with chronic disorders of consciousness. Groups of 17 and 24 defined by consciousness scores were analyzed for duration, transition probabilities and field potentials.

Front Neurosci · 2023 · PMID 37123360

Two patients with delayed cognitive and motor symptoms after carbon monoxide poisoning received methylprednisolone and HBOT. Serial functional MRI of motor regions, pallidum and hippocampus was compared with clinical course.

Neurocase · 2023 · PMID 38406979

A 67 year old woman with heatstroke, coma and multiple organ dysfunction received temperature management, dialysis, hemoperfusion and HBOT. Consciousness, organ function, laboratory measures and walking were recorded.

World J Clin Cases · 2023 · PMID 37122509

A prospective study enrolled 48 adults with severe late radiation related symptoms; 37 completed 40 HBOT sessions at 1.45 ATA for 60 minutes, including seven with brain necrosis. Thirty completed follow up quality of life questionnaires including cognition.

Clin Transl Radiat Oncol · 2023 · PMID 37066113

Patients receiving cranial radiation were studied with memantine, hyperbaric preconditioning and neuromodulation, using hippocampal memory task functional MRI, white matter diffusion analysis and cognitive testing. Participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Neuro Oncol · 2023 · PMID 35762568

Thirty one adults with post COVID symptoms received fifteen multiplace chamber compressions, assessing working memory, attention, fitness, spirometry, blood gases, quality of life and follow up interviews. Pressure and oxygen concentration are not stated in the abstract.

J Clin Med · 2022 · PMID 36615108

A case report described ten HBOT sessions followed by donepezil in a 38 year old man with schizophrenia and delayed neurological symptoms after carbon monoxide exposure, recording cognition and psychiatric symptoms.

Front Psychiatry · 2022 · PMID 36465281

Twenty one patients with delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome after carbon monoxide exposure underwent dopamine transporter SPECT and MRI assessment around HBOT, comparing parkinsonian signs, globus pallidus lesions and striatal measures.

Antioxidants (Basel) · 2022 · PMID 36421475

A 22 year old man with metabolic encephalopathy and memory symptoms after occupational argon exposure received nasal oxygen, HBOT, mecobalamin and ginkgo preparations. Consciousness, memory, brain lesions and two month telephone follow up were recorded.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2022 · PMID 36086783

A case report described two months of rehabilitation and HBOT followed by medication courses in a 22 year old Burkitt lymphoma patient with cognitive impairment after CAR T cell infusion, recording memory, daily living and later cognitive testing.

Front Oncol · 2022 · PMID 36059691

A single subject self experiment followed the author through 60 HBOT sessions over three months, measuring computerized cognition, MRI, SPECT, cardiopulmonary exercise, physical performance, blood proteomics and telomeres before and after exposure.

Front Neurol · 2022 · PMID 35968296

A 34 year old aviator with mild cognitive impairment and sensory symptoms after rapid aircraft decompression received a Hart Kindwall HBOT course in a monoplace chamber four hours later. Symptoms and two week follow up were recorded.

Am J Case Rep · 2022 · PMID 35690900

A 55 year old man reporting memory, multitasking and fitness symptoms with long COVID received 60 HBOT sessions at 2 ATA for 90 minutes. Brain perfusion and diffusion MRI, computerized cognition and cardiopulmonary tests were compared before and after exposure.

J Med Case Rep · 2022 · PMID 35168680

A patient with cerebral air embolism, hemiplegia and loss of consciousness during CT guided lung biopsy received HBOT over eight days. CT air distribution and neurological signs were recorded.

BJR Case Rep · 2022 · PMID 36101726

A case report described stroke like symptoms and type II decompression sickness in a 71 year old diver with chronic atrial fibrillation, recording motor symptoms, CT and repeated HBOT after transfer twenty five hours later.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2022 · PMID 35580489

A case report followed a man with severe traumatic brain injury who received neurofeedback after 165 HBOT sessions, recording memory, language, executive function and seizures.

Clin EEG Neurosci · 2022 · PMID 34931544

A 60 year old man with ischemia, hemorrhage and brain herniation after aneurysm surgery received HBOT starting on postoperative day five. Consciousness, hemiplegia and CT were recorded across seven sessions and one year of follow up.

Diving Hyperb Med · 2021 · PMID 34897603

Fifteen adults were exposed to an oxygen partial pressure of 2.06 ATA during cognitive stress tasks for up to 120 minutes in a hyperbaric chamber pool. Time varying electrodermal spectra were compared with expert adjudication of central oxygen toxicity symptoms.

Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · 2021 · PMID 34891512

A patient with right cerebral ischemia and left hemiplegia after transbronchial biopsy received HBOT. Timing, cerebral air embolism, consciousness and clinical course were recorded.

World J Clin Cases · 2021 · PMID 34877330

Ten long COVID patients received ten HBOT sessions at 2.4 ATA over twelve days. Fatigue and computerized cognitive scales were assessed on the first and tenth sessions.

Clin Med (Lond) · 2021 · PMID 34862223

The human component assessed cerebral blood flow and cognitive performance around HBOT in older adults with memory loss. The same paper also contains 5XFAD mouse experiments outside the animal year window; human n is not stated in the abstract.

Aging (Albany NY) · 2021 · PMID 34499614

Five patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning were prospectively observed during HBOT, with serial cognition, daily living scales, circulating stem cells, BDNF and neural markers measured.

Am J Emerg Med · 2021 · PMID 33497900

Three patients with delayed neurological symptoms and paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after carbon monoxide poisoning received repeated HBOT. Sympathetic and motor symptoms and clinical course were recorded; session count is not stated in the abstract.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2021 · PMID 34847307

A 43 year old man with cognitive symptoms and myoclonus after carbon monoxide related cardiac arrest received HBOT after temperature management and anticonvulsants. Neurological symptoms and a month of hospital course were recorded.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2021 · PMID 33975408

A case report described late HBOT during rehabilitation in one patient with severe cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury. Age, session count and cognitive instruments are not stated in the abstract.

Clin Case Rep · 2021 · PMID 33598279

A retrospective series analyzed 3 T functional MRI around 40 HBOT sessions in four chronic stroke patients, two ischemic and two hemorrhagic, comparing brain activation during two language tasks and hand and foot movement tasks.

Int J Environ Res Public Health · 2020 · PMID 33383925

A retrospective series reviewed twenty patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. All received HBOT and other care as needed, with cognition, psychiatric and motor findings and MRI assessed over six months.

Behav Neurol · 2020 · PMID 33376556

A Korean insurance database followed 29,301 patients with carbon monoxide poisoning and identified 984 subsequent stroke diagnoses, analyzing HBOT exposure, intensive care status and timing in relation to ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke incidence.

Med Sci Monit · 2020 · PMID 33106468

A 75 year old man with left middle cerebral artery gas embolism after bubble contrast echocardiography received 100% oxygen and HBOT. CT and acute stroke symptoms were recorded.

Diving Hyperb Med · 2020 · PMID 32957135

A case report described medication, physical, occupational and cognitive rehabilitation, magnetic stimulation and HBOT in one patient with traumatic brain injury, diffuse axonal injury and corpus callosum rupture, assessing physical and communication function and diffusion tensor tractography.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2020 · PMID 32664173

Thirty nine children with autism spectrum disorders received 40 HBOT sessions at 1.5 atm for 60 minutes, with ATEC including cognitive awareness items, CARS and global impression scales assessed before and after exposure.

Pol Merkur Lekarski · 2020 · PMID 32218399

A 55 year old woman with decompression illness and bilateral cerebral infarcts after diving received HBOT, intensive care, anticonvulsants and rehabilitation, recording consciousness, MRI, cognition, balance and daily living scales over three months.

Int Marit Health · 2020 · PMID 32604454

A 27 year old woman with decompression illness and chronic cognitive symptoms after altitude chamber training received two initial and 58 later HBOT sessions. Preexposure and serial ANAM cognitive tests were compared.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2020 · PMID 32176954

A retrospective series analyzed rehabilitation with HBOT in 44 aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, assessing six month functional scores in relation to consciousness, neurological deficits, hydrocephalus, initiation timing and session frequency.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2020 · PMID 32011457

A retrospective analysis examined HBOT records from 162 chronic stroke patients, comparing cognitive performance around 40 to 60 sessions at 2 ATA for 90 minutes by stroke type, location and side.

Restor Neurol Neurosci · 2020 · PMID 31985478

Records from 62 ischemic stroke patients receiving HBOT were retrospectively analyzed, comparing SPECT CT brain tissue volumes with neurological and quality of life assessments around 60 sessions at 0.2 MPa for 90 minutes.

Med Hypotheses · 2020 · PMID 31846850

A 59 year old man with cerebral air embolism and hemiplegia after central catheter removal received HBOT within six hours, with CT air, gaze, strength and one week neurological course recorded.

Cureus · 2019 · PMID 31695979

A retrospective series examined repeated HBOT courses in three veterans with chronic traumatic brain injury and PTSD symptoms, recording neurophysiological and cognitive measures and suicide related symptoms before and after exposure.

Cell Transplant · 2019 · PMID 31134828

A 33 year old woman with delayed motor and cognitive symptoms after carbon monoxide poisoning received 40 HBOT sessions with N acetylcysteine and steroids. Cognitive abilities and clinical and imaging findings of leukoencephalopathy were followed.

Case Rep Neurol Med · 2019 · PMID 31223509

A 15 year old girl with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder received 100 HBOT sessions over six months, with SPECT perfusion, cognitive tests and attention and learning status at eighteen months recorded.

Alcohol Alcohol · 2019 · PMID 30801636

A multicenter pilot observation followed 32 completers with chronic symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury, recording self assessment, automated cognitive tests and adverse events around 40 to 82 HBOT sessions at 1.5 ATA for 60 minutes.

Med Gas Res · 2019 · PMID 30950414

A qualitative analysis involved forty women with childhood sexual abuse histories receiving HBOT and psychotherapy concurrently. Diaries, drawings and verbal and written accounts six months after completion were analyzed for physical, cognitive and memory experiences.

Front Psychol · 2018 · PMID 30618956

Records from 279 patients receiving HBOT after carbon monoxide poisoning were retrospectively analyzed, examining time from exposure to HBOT, consciousness and shared exposure in relation to neurological, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms over at least six months.

J Neurol Sci · 2019 · PMID 30481656

Seven ischemic stroke patients underwent three months of baseline assessment followed by 40 HBOT sessions of 90 minutes. Cognition, motor function, sleep, quality of life and blood markers were assessed six times over nine months.

Neurol Res Int · 2018 · PMID 30402285

A retrospective analysis examined 154 patients with chronic neurocognitive deficits after traumatic brain injury, comparing computerized cognitive testing and brain SPECT around HBOT. Time since injury ranged from 0.3 to 33 years.

BMJ Open · 2018 · PMID 30269074

A case report described approximately twenty days of HBOT in an 18 year old woman with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment after five months of nitrous oxide use, documenting cognition, imaging and exposure history.

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat · 2018 · PMID 30122928

A series described three gas embolism cases all receiving HBOT, including one with extensive cerebral ischemia after cholangiopancreatography. Hydrogen peroxide and pleural drug exposures in the other cases and organ specific symptoms and course were also described.

Case Rep Crit Care · 2018 · PMID 30073096

A 57 year old woman with brain injury and direct traumatic optic neuropathy received 61 HBOT sessions at 2.5 ATA for one hundred minutes. Visual acuity, visual fields and color vision were recorded.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2018 · PMID 30241127

A case series described three of nine women with fibromyalgia who reported past memories during HBOT, documenting memory self reports, pain and pre and post brain SPECT in one patient.

Front Psychol · 2018 · PMID 29896150

A man with Parkinson disease and severe depression and anxiety received thirty days of HBOT, with Parkinson disease parts I and II, depression and anxiety scales assessed.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2018 · PMID 29489651

A 27 year old man with chronic motor and cognitive symptoms after carbon monoxide poisoning received five initial HBOT sessions and one hundred further sessions at 2.4 ATA for ninety minutes from fourteen to twenty two months, with neuropsychological, motor and daily function measures recorded every twenty sessions.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2018 · PMID 29571236

A case report described cerebral arterial gas embolism during attempted mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke and subsequent HBOT. Age, session count and assessment scales are not stated in the abstract.

Pract Neurol · 2018 · PMID 29288212

A case report described one patient with an oxygen toxicity seizure and stroke during HBOT, examining timing, cerebral ischemia, vascular risk factors and exposure pressure.

Diving Hyperb Med · 2017 · PMID 29241238

Fifteen patients with persistent postconcussion syndrome after traumatic brain injury received 60 HBOT sessions. Brain perfusion and diffusion tensor MRI and computerized cognitive testing were compared before and after exposure.

Front Hum Neurosci · 2017 · PMID 29097988

A retrospective study examined 49 patients with ischemic stroke and acute neurological deficits after cardiac surgery. Motor and speech scores and medical history were recorded around daily ninety minute HBOT at 2.2 bar, averaging 4.7 sessions.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2017 · PMID 29116691

A 65 year old man with cerebral air embolism during aircraft descent received HBOT at 2.8 ATA. Brain and chest CT, neurological status, edema, the following twenty four hours and postmortem lung findings were recorded.

Am J Case Rep · 2017 · PMID 28607332

A pilot HBOT study examined 28 people with persistent cognitive impairment after mild or moderate traumatic brain injury during military deployment, analyzing peripheral stem cell markers in relation to cognitive and PTSD tests.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2017 · PMID 28779582

A 77 year old man with persistent cognitive impairment after knee surgery and anesthesia received forty HBOT sessions with perispinal etanercept, recording cognition and physical assessments over five months and pre and post SPECT.

J Med Case Rep · 2017 · PMID 28407792

A two year old girl with brain injury after drowning related cardiac arrest received normobaric oxygen followed by forty 45 minute sessions of air at 1.3 ATA. Serial MRI, language, cognition, gait and neurological examinations were recorded.

Med Gas Res · 2017 · PMID 28744368

Two cases involved women aged 69 and sixty with delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning. MMSE and Hasegawa cognitive scales and MRI were recorded through HBOT and subsequent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor use.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2017 · PMID 28225493

A 46 year old man with delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning received repeated HBOT, with cognition and sleep spindles followed through neuropsychological testing, neuroimaging and polysomnography.

J Clin Sleep Med · 2016 · PMID 26951423

Twenty seven children and adolescents with carbon monoxide poisoning were assessed at discharge and one month, examining HBOT timing and session number in relation to anxiety, mood, attention, memory and behavior.

Pediatr Emerg Care · 2016 · PMID 26011807

A case involved an 81 year old woman with right ischemic infarction and left hemiparesis alongside ear infection and skull base osteomyelitis. Antibiotics with HBOT, head and neck imaging, cultures and neurological findings were recorded.

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med · 2016 · PMID 30755871

A retrospective review of 62,614 HBOT sessions in 2,334 people distinguished neurological indications including chronic traumatic brain injury and stroke from other indications, assessing seizures and oxygen toxicity during exposure.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2016 · PMID 27000010

A case report described HBOT in one stroke patient in Jamaica, covering history, diagnosis, clinical course, equipment and cost. Age, session count and assessment instruments are not stated in the abstract.

West Indian Med J · 2015 · PMID 26907984

A case report described one HBOT course in a patient with delayed cognitive, language, praxis and motor symptoms after carbon monoxide exposure, comparing SPECT cerebral flow, diffusion tensor MRI and daily living function.

Acta Neurol Taiwan · 2015 · PMID 26179838

A 23 year old man with a transhemispheric cerebral gunshot injury received HBOT. Multimodal monitoring in a neurological intensive care unit recorded biochemical measures and clinical course.

Front Neurol · 2015 · PMID 25852640

A retrospective analysis examined 60 HBOT sessions in ten patients with chronic cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury, assessing computerized cognition and perfusion MRI blood flow and blood volume before and after exposure.

Restor Neurol Neurosci · 2015 · PMID 26484702

A retrospective study involved eleven people with cognitive impairment 0.5 to 7.5 years after cardiac arrest, comparing computerized cognition, daily living, quality of life and SPECT brain activity before and after sixty daily HBOT sessions.

Restor Neurol Neurosci · 2015 · PMID 26409406

A retrospective review involved 91 adults three to 180 months after ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Verbal, nonverbal, immediate and delayed memory and SPECT brain metabolism were compared before and after forty to sixty ninety minute sessions of 100% oxygen at 2 ATA.

Neuropsychology · 2015 · PMID 25384125

A 32 year old woman with leukemia and pulmonary aspergillosis received HBOT after cerebral air embolism, aphasia and hemiplegia. Brain and chest CT and neurological course over forty eight hours were recorded.

Case Rep Neurol Med · 2014 · PMID 25197589

A 40 year old woman with carbon monoxide poisoning received five initial 90 minute HBOT sessions at 2.8 ATA and six more after delayed encephalopathy. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, cognition and neuromuscular coordination were followed for six months.

J Med Case Rep · 2014 · PMID 24947173

In a retrospective cohort of 16 patients undergoing proton reirradiation for chordoma, one case of bilateral temporal radionecrosis received HBOT. This is a case within a proton reirradiation cohort, not an HBOT trial.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys · 2013 · PMID 24267972

A 49 year old man with delayed memory and gait symptoms after carbon monoxide exposure received HBOT followed by steroids and memantine. This combined intervention case recorded cognition, MRI and SPECT.

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis · 2014 · PMID 23791468

A prospective open feasibility study enrolled 63 adults at least one year after trauma in 28, stroke in 22 or anoxia in thirteen. Neuropsychological and physical function, selected imaging and adverse events were assessed before and after sixty sixty minute sessions of 100% oxygen at 1.5 ATA and at six months.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2013 · PMID 23682548

A 21 year old man with carbon monoxide poisoning received five HBOT sessions over three days and further sessions through day 16, with MRI, memory and cognitive assessments.

Chudoku Kenkyu · 2013 · PMID 23600269

A case series described four comatose patients after carbon monoxide exposure receiving three HBOT sessions with twenty four hours of hypothermia targeting 33°C. Neurological examinations, memory, attention, brain injury, cardiac function and discharge status were recorded.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2013 · PMID 23397870

A 25 year old man with traumatic brain injury, prior surgery and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt developed tension pneumocephalus after his first HBOT session. Drainage, shunt ligation and consciousness course were recorded.

Am J Phys Med Rehabil · 2012 · PMID 22377825

Sixteen service members with blast related mild or moderate traumatic brain injury, postconcussion syndrome and PTSD received forty HBOT sessions at 1.5 ATA for sixty minutes over thirty days. Neurological, cognitive, psychological, quality of life and SPECT measures and adverse events were assessed.

J Neurotrauma · 2012 · PMID 22026588

A 56 year old man with atherosclerotic left cerebral infarction, right hemiparesis and dysarthria received repeated HBOT, assessed with stroke scales, CT perfusion and SPECT cerebral flow.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2011 · PMID 22013763

A retrospective secondary analysis used published data from 22 stroke patients in a 1966 HBOT study, modeling time since onset, chamber duration, exposure at 2.02 to 3.04 ATA and neurological course.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2011 · PMID 22013759

Two case reports described football players with sports related traumatic brain injury and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, recording exposure at 1.5 ATA, neurocognitive examinations and functional brain imaging.

Med Gas Res · 2011 · PMID 22146303

A series described subacute HBOT in six patients with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after extremely severe traumatic brain injury, documenting prior medication courses, autonomic symptoms and posturing.

Arch Phys Med Rehabil · 2011 · PMID 21620375

A case report described HBOT and neurological and cardiac assessment in a 46 year old man with acute coronary syndrome and stroke after scuba diving.

J Cardiol Cases · 2011 · PMID 30532827

A case involved a 27 year old man with confusion, agitation and emotional symptoms after a traffic accident. Cognitive and psychiatric course was recorded during seven ninety minute HBOT sessions at 2.4 ATA for crush and pelvic injuries.

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat · 2010 · PMID 21212826

A retrospective series described antidote and HBOT in six hospitalized people among ten severe occupational hydrogen sulfide exposures, assessing cardiac arrest, cerebral ischemia, neurological symptoms, acid base status, oxygenation and methemoglobin.

Diving Hyperb Med · 2010 · PMID 23111938

A case report recorded HBOT timing, neurological findings during exposure and one year follow up in a 28 year old male pilot with decompression symptoms and cognitive, motor and sensory changes during high altitude flight.

Aviat Space Environ Med · 2010 · PMID 20377149

A case report recorded HBOT, anticoagulant use, brain CT and MRI and hemiparesis in a 49 year old woman with gas embolism during hysteroscopy.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2010 · PMID 20462140

An operational report described 75 sessions in 27 severe traumatic brain injury patients receiving mechanically ventilated 100% oxygen at 1.5 ATA in a monoplace chamber. Intracranial pressure, brain oxygen, temperature, microdialysis, cardiovascular and ventilation measures were recorded.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2010 · PMID 20369651

A retrospective series involved twelve people with stroke after cardiac surgery, recording neurological examination, function, return to previous care and mortality with HBOT initiated up to forty eight hours after surgery.

Anaesth Intensive Care · 2010 · PMID 20191794

Two US airmen with mild traumatic brain injury after a blast received one hour sessions of 100% oxygen at 1.5 ATA. Computerized reaction, learning, memory and mathematical processing, symptoms and neuropsychological testing were recorded before injury and at six and nine months.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2009 · PMID 20112530

A case involved a fifty year old woman with delayed encephalopathy four weeks after carbon monoxide poisoning. Memory, cognition and MRI white matter and basal ganglia findings were recorded during a four week course including HBOT.

J Med Assoc Thai · 2009 · PMID 19845248

A 25 year old veteran with postconcussion syndrome and PTSD three years after a combat blast received 39 HBOT sessions at 1.5 ATA. SPECT cerebral flow, symptoms, physical examinations and employment over eight months were recorded.

Cases J · 2009 · PMID 19829822

A 49 year old man with heatstroke, seizures, coma and multiple organ dysfunction received HBOT after cooling and antipyretic care. Consciousness, temperature, blood pressure, coagulation and organ related blood measures were recorded.

Chin J Physiol · 2009 · PMID 19777803

Two cases of seizures during HBOT for carbon monoxide toxicity without known predisposing factors were described alongside five years of institutional experience. Seizures, risk factors and exposure course were reviewed; the full institutional n is not stated in the abstract.

J Emerg Med · 2012 · PMID 19372022

A case report recorded HBOT and heparin use, CT angiography and neurological scales in a 38 year old woman with cerebral arterial air embolism after leg sclerotherapy.

Neurocrit Care · 2009 · PMID 19294535

Records of 16 patients with levamisole associated leukoencephalopathy were analyzed for clinical, MRI and cerebrospinal findings. Steroids and HBOT were generally used, but the exact number receiving HBOT is not stated in the abstract.

J Neuroimaging · 2009 · PMID 19187474

A woman with seizures and cortical visual loss after carbon monoxide poisoning received fifty HBOT sessions over three months four years later. Bilateral visual acuity and FDG PET brain metabolism were compared before and after exposure.

Med Princ Pract · 2009 · PMID 19060495

A case report described HBOT and foramen ovale and neurological findings in one patient with air embolism and stroke after central venous catheter manipulation.

J Intensive Care Med · 2008 · PMID 18403376

Seven patients with subacute head injury and impaired consciousness received five 60 minute HBOT exposures at 2.7 atmospheres, assessing transcranial Doppler, arteriovenous oxygen difference and jugular lactate before and after.

Acta Neurochir Suppl · 2008 · PMID 19388281

A case report described HBOT and medical management, CT, consciousness, seizure and stroke course in one patient with cardiac and cerebral air embolism after lung needle biopsy.

Tex Heart Inst J · 2008 · PMID 19156246

A 54 year old man with neurological symptoms a year after traumatic brain injury received 20 and 60 one hour HBOT exposures at 2 ATA separated by a year. Event related potentials, sensorimotor and neuropsychological measures were recorded.

J Neurol Sci · 2007 · PMID 17234213

A study involved 310 people with neuropsychiatric disorders after traumatic brain injury receiving HBOT twice, comparing SPECT cerebral flow, CT and clinical symptoms before and after exposure.

Chin Med J (Engl) · 2006 · PMID 17199942

A retrospective case series described symptoms after HBOT in autistic children. The abstract does not state the case count, specific exposure conditions or assessment scales.

Med Hypotheses · 2006 · PMID 16554123

A case report recorded cognition, movement, behavior and daily function in a 52 year old woman with delayed carbon monoxide encephalopathy receiving HBOT and sequential psychiatric drugs.

Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry · 2006 · PMID 16581170

A 35 year old woman in coma after carbon monoxide poisoning received ventilation and circulatory support plus two HBOT exposures at 3 ATA and one at 2.2 ATA within 24 hours. Consciousness, CT, EEG and cognition were recorded.

Inhal Toxicol · 2006 · PMID 16399663

A retrospective series analyzed 12 carbon monoxide poisoning patients. All received oxygen and one received HBOT, with consciousness, brain imaging and follow up including parkinsonian symptoms recorded.

Ann Acad Med Singap · 2005 · PMID 16382246

A teenage male with fetal alcohol syndrome underwent memory, reaction time and visual motor testing around 40 HBOT sessions at 1.5 ATA and 33 additional sessions.

Pediatrics · 2005 · PMID 16166387

A 69 year old woman with cognitive and motor symptoms a month after carbon monoxide poisoning received daily 60 minute HBOT at two atmospheres alongside several drugs, with MRI, memory and motor follow up.

Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi · 2005 · PMID 15981666

A series of 175 patients with coma lasting over one month after severe traumatic brain injury received HBOT, physical rehabilitation and drugs, recording consciousness, initial brainstem injury, coma duration and age.

Chin J Traumatol · 2004 · PMID 15566689

Records of 12 delayed encephalopathy cases among 89 carbon monoxide poisoning patients were retrospectively reviewed for clinical and MRI follow up after high flow oxygen or HBOT. The exact HBOT count is absent from the abstract.

Acta Neurol Taiwan · 2004 · PMID 15478677

A retrospective secondary analysis of published clinical data involved 265 acute ischemic stroke patients. Exposure was calculated from chamber oxygen partial pressure, duration and number of sessions and compared with neurological status measures.

Neurol Res · 2003 · PMID 12564134

Two carbon monoxide poisoning cases described serum S100B, brain injury and decisions about HBOT. Session numbers and per patient follow up data are absent from the abstract.

Resuscitation · 2003 · PMID 12505746

A 62 year old man with delayed white matter demyelination and akinetic mutism after hypoxia received subacute HBOT, with follow up of daily function, cognition, EEG and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Clin Neurol Neurosurg · 2002 · PMID 12140095

A case report described HBOT in one hemorrhagic stroke patient. Age, pressure, session count and assessment instruments are not stated in the abstract.

Singapore Med J · 2001 · PMID 11513061

Postural stability and gait were assessed in a 17 year old patient with traumatic brain injury one week before, immediately after and six weeks after HBOT combined with physical and occupational rehabilitation.

Pediatr Rehabil · 1999 · PMID 10797884

A cross sectional cohort of 30 adults receiving HBOT after carbon monoxide exposure underwent structured interviews, mood questionnaires and daily cognitive and mental state assessment.

Aust N Z J Psychiatry · 1998 · PMID 10084348

A patient with amnesia and confusion after carbon monoxide exposure received HBOT one month after initial normobaric oxygen, with clinical and neuropsychological assessment.

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry · 1998 · PMID 9703180

A case report recorded emergency management including HBOT and PET, SPECT, memory and executive testing over three years later in a 27 year old man initially comatose after hydrogen sulfide exposure.

Occup Med (Lond) · 1998 · PMID 9800424

A case report described HBOT and neurological course in one adult with cerebral gas embolism and stroke shortly after hydrogen peroxide ingestion.

J Toxicol Clin Toxicol · 1998 · PMID 9656984

Ten pediatric patients with radiation associated brain necrosis received 20 to 30 HBOT sessions at 2.0 to 2.4 atmospheres for 90 minutes to two hours, recording neurological and imaging findings and adverse events.

Cancer · 1997 · PMID 9366305

A case report recorded HBOT, MRI, angiography and motor status in a 24 year old woman with stroke, hemiplegia and seizure after inadvertent carotid infusion of parenteral nutrition.

Clin Neurol Neurosurg · 1997 · PMID 9350405

Twenty six carbon monoxide poisoning patients underwent short term verbal word list recall testing before and after HBOT, recording presence of contextual cues and clinically selected session numbers.

Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol · 1997 · PMID 9297710

Among 107 carbon monoxide poisoning patients receiving HBOT, 19 with brain imaging were reviewed for CT and MRI white matter and basal ganglia findings and cognitive and neurological status.

Clin Radiol · 1996 · PMID 8689822

A case report described HBOT and cognitive assessment in one patient with lupus and scleroderma overlap alongside a narrative literature discussion. Sessions and pressure are not stated in the abstract.

Lupus · 1995 · PMID 7655485

A 65 year old woman with cerebral gas embolism after lung fine needle biopsy received two courses of HBOT, with CT, neurological status and clinical course over two days recorded.

Med J Aust · 1993 · PMID 8264461

A series of six patients with air embolism during cardiopulmonary bypass recorded HBOT timing and neurological course. Four began after 17 to 20 hours and two after a minimal delay.

Ann Thorac Surg · 1993 · PMID 8431050

A case report described HBOT after a one week delay and memory and cognitive assessment in one carbon monoxide poisoning patient initially classified as having conversion disorder.

Aust N Z J Psychiatry · 1992 · PMID 1642626

A case study assessed SPECT around a single HBOT exposure in a patient with near drowning 12 years earlier, then cognitive and motor measures after 80 one hour sessions at 1.5 ATA.

Clin Nucl Med · 1992 · PMID 1617842

A case report recorded delayed neuropsychiatric symptoms after acute HBOT, subsequent HBOT resumption and six month course in a 19 year old man with carbon monoxide poisoning.

Harefuah · 1992 · PMID 1526579

A retrospective record review examined events including seizure, stroke and myocardial infarction among patients receiving HBOT for head and neck disease. Total n and stroke case count are not stated in the abstract.

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · 1986 · PMID 3086814

A case report recorded HBOT and regional cerebral blood flow in one patient with cognitive and behavioral changes and cerebral small vessel stenosis, including a stroke after four years of intermittent exposure.

Minerva Med · 1983 · PMID 6888786

Thirty two ischemic stroke patients underwent repeated tetrapolar rheography before, immediately after and two to three hours after HBOT, with hemodynamics analyzed from 300 recordings.

Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko · 1980 · PMID 7435068

EEG during HBOT in stroke patients was assessed using interval amplitude and spectral analyses, comparing the two methods. Participant n is not stated in the abstract.

EEG EMG Z Elektroenzephalogr Elektromyogr Verwandte Geb · 1980 · PMID 6777145

A scoping review systematically searched four databases for cognitive testing in adults receiving HBOT, examining cognitive domains, tests and measurement sensitivity in 98 studies published from 1963 to 2025.

J Clin Exp Neuropsychol · 2026 · PMID 41251096

A systematic review and retrospective analysis examined 55 ischemic stroke cases from 45 reports after facial filler injections, including two receiving HBOT, describing filler materials, imaging, neurological symptoms and ambulation.

Ann Acad Med Singap · 2025 · PMID 41197026

A systematic review and meta analysis assessed four studies involving 250 traumatic brain injury patients, examining HBOT, cognition, memory, attention, processing speed and risk of bias.

Ann Med Surg (Lond) · 2025 · PMID 41180753

A systematic review examined 118 papers on nonpharmacological approaches to cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury, including HBOT, neural stimulation, music and exercise. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Behav Brain Res · 2025 · PMID 40780458

A systematic review examined clinical, observational and case series reports from 2000 to 2023 on chronic disorders of consciousness after severe traumatic brain injury, including HBOT and other approaches. Paper and participant counts are not stated in the abstract.

Int J Gen Med · 2025 · PMID 39967766

A systematic review and meta analysis assessed 17 studies involving 890 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders, examining HBOT, cognitive awareness, communication, behavior and risk of bias.

Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry · 2025 · PMID 39826608

A systematic review and meta analysis examined 16 studies involving 1,324 Parkinson disease patients, assessing HBOT alongside anxiety, depression, cognition, sleep, swallowing and motor scales.

Clin Rehabil · 2025 · PMID 39763449

A systematic review examined seven randomized and observational studies involving 199 long COVID patients, assessing HBOT conditions from 2.0 to 2.5 ATA and ten to 60 sessions alongside memory, attention, executive function, fatigue, pain and adverse events.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2025 · PMID 41223394

A living systematic review examined 24 randomized trials involving 3,695 adults with long COVID, comparing fatigue, concentration and quality of life across drug, rehabilitation, behavioral, nutritional and device interventions including HBOT.

BMJ · 2024 · PMID 39603702

A systematic search and meta analysis examined 13 studies involving 958 Parkinson disease patients, comparing motor, sleep, depression and cognitive scales under HBOT and medication conditions.

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord · 2025 · PMID 39571556

A systematic review examined 16 randomized trials of nonpharmacological interventions for pediatric concussion, including HBOT, exercise and occupational rehabilitation, assessing design and risk of bias. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Clin Exp Pediatr · 2024 · PMID 39463340

A systematic review examined 73 human cases of delayed posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy, describing causes including carbon monoxide and drug exposure, cognition, movement, imaging, pathology and management including HBOT.

World J Clin Cases · 2024 · PMID 39417054

A systematic review examined 29 intervention studies for cognitive impairment after COVID 19, describing assessment tools, designs and follow up for HBOT, cognitive rehabilitation, exercise and brain stimulation. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Eur Psychiatry · 2024 · PMID 39328154

A systematic review and meta analysis examined seven randomized trials involving 461 Parkinson disease patients with sleep disorders, assessing adjunct HBOT, sleep duration, sleep scales and motor scales.

Front Neurol · 2024 · PMID 39144713

A systematic review and network meta analysis examined 43 randomized studies involving 3,138 patients with depression after stroke, analyzing depression measures, risk of bias and evidence quality across nonpharmacological interventions including HBOT.

Gen Hosp Psychiatry · 2024 · PMID 39084147

A meta analysis of 30 randomized trials involving 2,075 people with delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning compared HBOT alone with added edaravone using cognitive, daily living and motor scales and oxidative markers.

J Clin Neurosci · 2024 · PMID 38986338

A systematic review of eight HBOT studies involving 393 adults, including post concussion symptoms with PTSD, analyzed pressure, oxygen dose, symptom scales and brain imaging.

Front Neurol · 2024 · PMID 38882688

A systematic review examined 17 studies in adults with long COVID cognitive symptoms, including three HBOT studies, describing cognitive testing, brain perfusion and other rehabilitation interventions. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Neurol Sci · 2024 · PMID 38695969

A systematic review examined ten clinical reports of HBOT in long COVID, including case, single group and randomized reports, summarizing cognitive, quality of life and cardiopulmonary measures. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Life (Basel) · 2024 · PMID 38672710

A systematic review and meta analysis examined 11 randomized trials involving 847 Alzheimer disease patients, assessing cognition, daily living scales, oxidative and inflammatory markers and adverse events under HBOT conditions.

Front Aging Neurosci · 2024 · PMID 38577491

A systematic review and meta analysis of eight randomized trials involving 493 acute ischemic stroke patients compared adjunctive HBOT with no HBOT or sham, assessing neurological and daily living scales, inflammation and adverse events.

BMC Neurol · 2024 · PMID 38308217

A systematic review examined 89 randomized trials of nonpharmacological interventions after concussion, using checklists to assess reporting completeness, exercise descriptions and risk of bias across eleven interventions including HBOT.

J Sport Health Sci · 2024 · PMID 37619783

A network meta analysis examined 29 randomized trials involving 2,241 patients with cognitive impairment after stroke, comparing cognitive scales across acupuncture, HBOT, medication, cognitive rehabilitation and magnetic stimulation alone or combined.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2023 · PMID 37478264

A systematic review examined 35 randomized and nonrandomized studies of cognitive interventions in adults with brain tumors, including HBOT, medication and cognitive and exercise rehabilitation, describing cognitive assessments and risk of bias. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Cancer Med · 2023 · PMID 36880363

A systematic review combined literature and poison center data for 126 hydrogen peroxide exposures, including 54 receiving HBOT, analyzing onset of gas embolic events including stroke, exposure concentration, symptoms and timing of HBOT.

Clin Toxicol (Phila) · 2023 · PMID 36440836

A systematic review examined five randomized trials and seven observational studies of HBOT in children with cerebral palsy, analyzing oxygen, pressure, comparator conditions, motor and cognitive measures and adverse events.

PLoS One · 2022 · PMID 36240157

A systematic review examined 11 HBOT studies in adults with symptoms persisting at least three months after mild traumatic brain injury, including six randomized trials, comparing oxygen and pressure conditions with symptom and cognitive measures.

Front Neurol · 2022 · PMID 35370898

A systematic search of HBOT for cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury examined six randomized trials and four pilot studies, assessing cognition and PEDro methodological quality. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Appl Neuropsychol Adult · 2023 · PMID 35213282

A PRISMA based review selected 54 papers on noninvasive and nonpharmacological interventions for acute ischemic stroke, describing approaches including HBOT and fifteen additionally identified clinical trials. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Int J Mol Sci · 2022 · PMID 35055089

A network meta analysis examined 15 randomized trials involving 1,288 patients with cognitive impairment after stroke, assessing cognition, daily living scales and risk of bias across seven combinations of acupuncture and physical interventions including HBOT.

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med · 2021 · PMID 34840581

A systematic review examined clinical and preclinical inhaled gas studies in traumatic brain injury, describing hyperbaric oxygen and gases including hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, xenon and argon. Paper and total sample counts are not stated in the abstract.

J Neurotrauma · 2021 · PMID 33940933

A systematic review examined 42 original studies reporting HBOT and cognitive testing. Two neuropsychological reviewers extracted abstracts, full texts, exposure conditions and cognitive domains; total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Neuropsychol Rev · 2022 · PMID 33847854

A review searched two databases and examined 391 papers from 1980 to 2021 on Alzheimer disease and HBOT, describing molecular, physiological and cognitive assessments in human and animal studies. Total human n is not stated in the abstract.

J Alzheimers Dis · 2021 · PMID 33935095

A systematic review and meta analysis examined 27 randomized trials involving 2,250 patients with depression after stroke, assessing HBOT alone or with antidepressants using depression, neurological and daily living scales and adverse events.

Clin Neurol Neurosurg · 2020 · PMID 32474256

A systematic review examined seven mental health intervention studies in service members and veterans with deployment related mild traumatic brain injury, describing symptoms, adverse events and design in one HBOT and six psychotherapy studies. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

J Affect Disord · 2019 · PMID 31028994

An overview systematically examined fifteen Cochrane reviews containing 164 randomized and four controlled trials with 10,396 people with multiple sclerosis. Function, symptoms, quality of life and study quality were examined across modalities including HBOT; the HBOT specific n is not stated in the abstract.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev · 2019 · PMID 30637728

A systematic review and pooled analysis examined HBOT for persistent symptoms and PTSD after mild traumatic brain injury, analyzing cognition, symptoms and oxygen partial pressure using individual data from 254 participants in four defense studies and summary data from 135 in three other studies.

Undersea Hyperb Med · 2019 · PMID 31394604

A systematic review examined ten intervention studies assessing function in adults with postconcussion syndrome, describing cognition, symptoms, quality of life and community participation across HBOT, counseling and rehabilitation. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Am J Occup Ther · 2019 · PMID 30839257

A systematic review examined six randomized studies of hyperbaric versus normobaric oxygen after carbon monoxide poisoning, analyzing neuropsychological symptoms, memory, concentration, sleep and one versus two exposures. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2018 · PMID 30278526

A scoping review systematically searched four databases and examined 22 studies of visual rehabilitation after mild traumatic brain injury, including one HBOT study and optical device and oculomotor interventions. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Disabil Rehabil · 2019 · PMID 29631511

A systematic review and meta analysis examined normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen studies in stroke and traumatic brain injury patients, assessing perfusion, functional scores, mortality and brain metabolism. Paper and participant counts are not stated in the abstract.

Niger J Clin Pract · 2018 · PMID 29607850

A meta analysis and meta regression examined 235 studies with 44,854 people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. A category including HBOT was distinguished among multiple pharmacological and other interventions; totals are not HBOT specific.

Psychopharmacology (Berl) · 2018 · PMID 29502274

A systematic review examined thirty studies applying HBOT within thirty days of traumatic brain injury, including eight clinical and 22 preclinical studies, describing physiology, function and adverse events in acute severe injury. Total human n is not stated in the abstract.

J Neurotrauma · 2018 · PMID 29132229

A systematic review examined 216 reports among 1,889 MEDLINE and EMBASE records on stroke from nontissue emboli, describing air, gas, foreign body and drug categories and approaches including HBOT. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Stroke Res Treat · 2017 · PMID 29123937

A systematic review examined twelve randomized HBOT trials in traumatic brain injury, separating mild from moderate or severe injury and analyzing sham or routine care comparisons and methodological quality. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

J Head Trauma Rehabil · 2017 · PMID 27603765

A focused evidence review searched the literature and examined five clinical studies of HBOT for symptoms persisting over three months after concussion, describing study design, symptom assessment and evidence level. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

J Sport Rehabil · 2017 · PMID 27834587

A Cochrane review searched randomized HBOT trials in autism spectrum disorder and included one study of sixty children, comparing sham exposure with cognitive, language, social and behavioral scales and ear pressure adverse events.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev · 2016 · PMID 27737490

A systematic review examined eleven reports of cerebral radiation necrosis in patients aged 21 or younger. Nine studies with denominators included 37 cases among 806 patients; management including twelve HBOT recipients, steroids and bevacizumab, neurological findings and adverse events were compared.

J Neurooncol · 2016 · PMID 27438082

A search and meta analysis examined eight prospective studies comparing HBOT with control in mild to severe traumatic brain injury, assessing consciousness, function, mortality and PTSD scales. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Neurol Sci · 2016 · PMID 26746238

A Cochrane update reviewed eleven randomized HBOT trials involving 705 acute ischemic stroke patients, analyzing control or sham conditions, mortality, disability, functional scales and study validity.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev · 2014 · PMID 25387992

A systematic review searched nine databases on rest and interventions after sport related concussion, extracting populations, duration, symptoms and design from case and comparative studies including HBOT. The HBOT participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Clin J Sport Med · 2014 · PMID 24366016

A review systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid and Cochrane for interventions for coma after traumatic brain injury, examining application conditions and consciousness assessments across HBOT, drugs, stimulation and cells. Study and participant counts are not stated in the abstract.

Br J Neurosurg · 2014 · PMID 24090192

A systematic review examined seven randomized studies involving 571 traumatic brain injury patients, analyzing consciousness, function, intracranial pressure, mortality, pulmonary adverse events and study quality in 285 HBOT and 286 control participants.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev · 2012 · PMID 23235612

A Cochrane review searched randomized HBOT trials in vascular dementia and included one study of 64 patients, examining twelve week cognitive and dementia scales and methodology for donepezil alone versus combined exposure.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev · 2012 · PMID 22786527

A review systematically searched and appraised reports from 1980 to 2008 on acute nonpharmacological management of acquired brain injury, describing intracranial pressure and brain injury measures across seven approaches including HBOT. Study and participant counts are not stated in the abstract.

Brain Inj · 2010 · PMID 20353284

A systematic review examined four randomized, one controlled and seventeen observational studies of HBOT in ischemic stroke, assessing timing, severity, exposure conditions, mortality, function, adverse events and study quality. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Clin Rehabil · 2005 · PMID 16323381

A Cochrane systematic review examined three randomized HBOT trials involving 106 acute ischemic stroke patients, analyzing mortality, disability, functional scales and study quality against controls.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev · 2005 · PMID 16034959

A Cochrane systematic review examined four randomized trials with 382 traumatic brain injury patients, analyzing function, mortality, intracranial pressure, pulmonary adverse events and study quality in 199 HBOT and 183 control participants.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev · 2004 · PMID 15495120

A systematic review included two randomized and five observational studies of HBOT in traumatic brain injury, describing function, mortality, consciousness, intracranial pressure, adverse events and study quality. Total participant n is not stated in the abstract.

Arch Phys Med Rehabil · 2004 · PMID 15241774

A review searched MEDLINE, HealthStar, EMBASE and expert sources for comparative HBOT trials in traumatic brain injury and stroke, examining design, methodological limitations and clinical assessments through August 2001. Study and participant counts are not stated in the abstract.

Brain Inj · 2003 · PMID 12623499

5xFAD Alzheimer model mice received HBOT, with memory tasks, serial PET MRI, amyloid histology and mitochondrial protein assays. Animal n is not stated in the abstract.

Exp Neurol · 2026 · PMID 41197760

A middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model was used to study HBOT, transcriptomes, inflammatory and blood brain barrier related genes and RNA methylation. Animal n is not stated in the abstract.

Neuromolecular Med · 2025 · PMID 40715883

ApoE knockout mice received HBOT over ten days, with cognitive behavior, blood lipids and inflammatory and oxidative markers in serum and brain tissue measured. Animal n is not stated in the abstract.

J Integr Neurosci · 2025 · PMID 40767018

Male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to methotrexate and 5 fluorouracil received HBOT at 2.4 ATA for 90 minutes five days weekly over three weeks. Memory, attention, motor and affective behavior were assessed; animal n is not stated in the abstract.

Behav Brain Res · 2025 · PMID 40609957

Rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion received HBOT at differing times and session counts. Hippocampal neuronal sodium currents were measured by patch clamp; animal n is not stated in the abstract.

Dev Neurobiol · 2025 · PMID 40572015

Eighty male rats including an amnestic mild cognitive impairment model and controls were allocated to groups of ten. HBOT from 1.6 to 2.8 ATA was applied for 60 minutes daily over five days, assessing memory tasks, oxidative markers and nitric oxide measures.

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord · 2025 · PMID 40319885

Rats with spinal cord injury received HBOT under conditions including Nrf2 inhibition, assessing hippocampal tissue, cognition, depression like behavior, proteomics, oxidative markers, iron accumulation and Nrf2 GPX4 proteins. Animal n is not stated in the abstract.

CNS Neurosci Ther · 2025 · PMID 40326167

One hundred male rats including a leukoaraiosis model were allocated to groups of 20 comparing rosuvastatin and HBOT alone or combined. Cognitive tasks, apoptosis, MMP genes and p38MAPK proteins were assessed at day 14.

Cell Biochem Biophys · 2025 · PMID 40119231

Twenty four APP/PS1 and 24 C57 mice were allocated by HBOT exposure, with water maze, hippocampal histology and autophagy gene measurements. Despite the title mentioning patients, the abstract describes mice.

Physiol Res · 2025 · PMID 40126150

Male Wistar rats were assigned to four combinations of 0 or 10 Gy brain radiation and HBOT or normobaric air. Four week cognitive tests and hippocampal tissue and cell markers were assessed; animal n is not reported in the abstract.

Int J Med Sci · 2025 · PMID 39781518

An experimental stroke model examined HBO preconditioning and chaperone mediated autophagy using proteomics, lysosomes, LAMP2A gene silencing and apoptosis assays. Species and animal n are not stated in the abstract.

Brain Res · 2025 · PMID 39522743

Hypoxic cognitive impairment mice received HBOT with behavioral, histological, metabolomic and lipidomic assessment. Cell experiments examined oleic acid, MBOAT2, membrane phospholipids and ferroptosis; sample n is not stated in the abstract.

Antioxidants (Basel) · 2024 · PMID 39594462

Twenty APP PS1 Alzheimer model mice and 20 C57BL/6 mice were allocated to groups of ten comparing HBOT conditions, assessing water maze memory and hippocampal amyloid, autophagy and PI3K mTOR proteins.

Front Aging Neurosci · 2024 · PMID 39385831

Hyperglycemic mice with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion received HBOT within one hour of reperfusion, with antioxidant coexposure conditions compared. Hemorrhage, neurological scales and microglial NLRP3 inflammation were assessed; animal n is not stated in the abstract.

Sci Rep · 2024 · PMID 39271781

Mice with controlled cortical impact brain injury received HBOT, assessing intestinal tissue, microbiota and injured cortical m6A methylation at ten days. Animal n is not stated in the abstract.

Int J Med Sci · 2024 · PMID 39310263

A central oxygen toxicity model exposed mice to HBOT at 6 ATA for 30 minutes, comparing PEG300 and PGC1α agonist conditions. Convulsion latency, hippocampal oxidative and inflammatory measures and mitochondria were assessed; animal n is not stated in the abstract.

Neurotox Res · 2024 · PMID 38884699

Rats swimming for three hours in a 2 ATA environment received one, three or five prior HBOT exposures at 2.5 ATA. Cognition, anxiety like behavior, hippocampal tissue and microglial inflammation were assessed; animal n is not stated in the abstract.

Neurosci Res · 2024 · PMID 38848903

Seventy two four month old male rats including an amnestic mild cognitive impairment model and controls were allocated to three groups. Water maze performance, hippocampal histology, apoptosis and Fas FasL were assessed one, seven and 28 days after seven days of HBOT.

J Inflamm Res · 2024 · PMID 38770175

Male rats with traumatic brain injury received HBOT at 2 ATA for 60 minutes immediately and at 24 and 48 hours. Brain injury volume, neuroinflammation, apoptosis and fecal microbiota were assessed on day three; animal n is not stated in the abstract.

Neurocrit Care · 2024 · PMID 38750394

Male C57BL/6J mice in a sepsis model received HBOT one and four hours after induction. Blood and hippocampal inflammation, blood brain barrier and learning and memory at 14 days were examined; animal n is not reported in the abstract.

J Neuroimmunol · 2024 · PMID 38735091

Twenty two month old male C57BL/6 mice received two weeks of HBOT, with spatial memory, transcriptomes, hippocampal electron microscopy, autophagy proteins and cell experiments assessed. Animal n is not stated in the abstract.

Front Aging Neurosci · 2024 · PMID 38435399